Signaling by high-frequency currents



Aug. 14, 1928.

v A. J. KLONECK smmmue BY men FREQUENCY cumwu'rs Filed April 18. 1921 qflf -P 0 75512 Z 12 \A/ITNESSES. IWENTOR.

' scribed and shown in Patented Aug. 14, 1928.

AUGUST J. xLoNEox, or NEW YORK, N. Y.

SIGNALING BY HIGH-FREQUENCY CURRENTS.

Application filed April 18, 1921'. Serial No. 462,322.

This invention relates dio frequency currents and more particularly to novel circuits and means for transmitting and receivingsignals simultaneously.

One object of the invention is to provide an arc gap. operated by a gas burner adapted for controlling the operation of transmit ting and receiving current. V i

A further objectof the invention is to provide. novel apparatus for utilization in the receiving and transmitting circuits. 7

These and other allied objects are attained by, novel combination of electrical circuits and elements. hereinafter more fully dothe accompanying. drawing, in which Figure 1 shows a diagram of electrical circuits and elements of aradio station for simultaneously transmitting and receiving signals. Figure 2 showsa cooperating sig naling station withslightly modified aerial circuits, illustrating the directive efiiect of aeria-lsin combination withthose of Figure 1.

The figures upon the drawings denote like elements whenever, similar characters designate the same. I i

In reference to the drawings, in Figure 1 the numerals 1, 2 and 3 indicate three-spark coils. 2, 3, one for each of the spark coil-s, further the contacts 1" 2' 3", the primaries 1 2'2, 3, a secondary coil for each spark coil marked 1 2", 3", a condenser 1, 2, or 3 for each secondarycoil and two common ter niinals 4 and 5 for all of the secondary coils. The terminal 4 is connected to one end of each secondary coil while the other ends of said secondaries are connected through a condenseror a quenched" spark gap 1 2, or 3 to the other terminal 5. A source of current 10 is connected with one terminal to said contacts and with-the other terminal toone end of each of said primary coils while the other ends of said primary coils are connected with the armatures. It will be noted that the primary coil 1- has an open ing or breakcontact 1'1 which is normally in connection with the armatureilf While the other contacts are closedcircuit contacts and operated by the energizedarma'tiu'e of the other spark coils. However the armatu'res and contacts operated by the energization of their primary coils donot. operate upon their primary circuits but each armature of one. spark coil closes the circuit? for? each follow to signalingby rait is desired for the high frequency interruptions with slow mov- The latter .embracing armatures 1",-

3 in an opposed direction as the primary I coil hasbeen inversely connected to produce a current in an opposed direction and also will attract its armature 3. The thirdspark coil will close the contact 3 and energize coil 1 in a similar direction as coil 2 and attract armature 1'.

causesa repetition of the described opera-' tions The deenergization of the coils thus produces an inverse flow of secondary currents and ternating However, other one may obtain a pulsating current if desired. It Wlll also be clear that two or more than three coils may be employed if purpose of producing ingarmatures. The condensers 1, 2 and 3 which also may be spark gaps if desired serve for preventinganunterference of the spark coils between one another and thus increasing the eiliciency of the same as the current from each spark coil will not have to flow in series or shunt through the other coils. A commutator 7,'having three sue-- cessively connecting contacts 7", 7", 7 in cooperation with the spark coils and the rotary spark gap 8 is arranged upon the rotin -31 spark gap shaft r.

e rotary spark gap 8 serves for transforming a current from alow audible fre quency such as produced by the spark coils which may be a currentaof 100 cycles for instance to a current of inaudible or radio frequency of 10,000' cycles for instance it desired. However, the operation of the spark gap will be such ,as to produce an audible subfrequency which is attained-by arranging a certain number of spark points for operation at one frequency and then omitting for a certain rotation all spark discharges so as to produce "a periodic discharge of currents at a lower freq'uency. In order that each of said discharges of the spark points of said spark permits an energization of The latter will inter rupt contact 1" and deenergize one coil. after-another until coil 1. is again deenergized and contact 1 closed which thence thus produces an alcurrent of a triple frequency. by not reversing the coil 3501 any which energizes spark coil gap may have a similar value of current after the nondischarge period, I have provided separate charging condensers for each spark point and choke coils between the same and the common charging current for preventing a discharge of all condensers at the first spark discharge point. The rotary spark gap comprises the shaft 7 having a disk of insulating material fora rotor 8. The latter has a spark point arranged at each spark points of each two adjacent quadrants, 8 and 8 are connected together. Each of the quadrants is provided with three stationary spark points in a manner-whereby the spark points are separated about 5' degrees. from one another while .the spark points between each two of said quadrants form ail-open spaceof 80 degrees between each other adapted for permitting ahigh charge of the condensers 5, 5 and 5 intermediate of the sparking period. Each of said condensers 5, 5 and 5 is connected by two of the choke coils 4, 5, 1 5 or 1", 5 to terminals 4 and 5 of the spark coils. Said choke coils will permit a charging of the condensers at a low frequency but prevent a discharging of all condensers at once when thecondensers are discharged separately between the spark points 4, 5, 4", 5*, 4" or 5" ofthe spark gap, and by the rotatable spark points 8, 8 to the secondary terminals 8 and S The latter is arranged 180 apart and intermediate at a right angle to the primary spark points. One of the condensers for instance, condenser 5 is inversely connected to the intcrmediate spark points duce a successively inverse flow of current from the condensers.- I The spark gap 8 is operated by a motor 7".

Terminal 8 of the spark gap is connected in multiple to signaling instruments 43, a4 and to a condenser 9". The other terminal 8 of the spark gap 8 is connected through a condenser 9 to said condenser 9" and in multiple thereof through a coil 11 to an electrode 12, which latter is arranged above a suitable gas burner 13. The latter consists of a receptacle having a plurality of openings 14 and a gas inlet 14:. A receptacle 15 serves for feeding metallic salts or powdered metal into the flame of the burner adapted to make the flame highly conductive by means or" the vaporizing metals, if desired. The flame of the burner serves to pass electrical energy from the electrode 12 to other electrodes 16, 17 in a manner whereby each flame particle will surge successively from one electrode to another electrode, and thus will permit electrical energy to flow better in the direction with the flame. For this purpose, the electrodes consist of perforated metal or wires which are separated from one another by suitable insulation.

electrode 17 of the flame spark quadrantof which thel V 1,5 so as to p10- The terminal 9 from the condensers 9", 9 is connected to an intermediate terminal of two primary coils 18, 19 of two separate transformers 20 and 21. One end of said coils 18,19 is connected to electrode 16, while the other ends of said coils are connected to gap 13.

The transformers 20 and 21 include coils an, or 23 whichmay directly be connected to the aerial as in Figure 2, but in order to keep the number of turns of the coils within certain limits for producing different voltages in one aerial 31, or by the use of two aerials 30 and 32 or more they are connected to coils 24: and 25 to form interconnected coilst'or this purpose so that a voltage difference of 1 to 5 for instance is made possible by employing the common multiple of two coil sets 2 X 3 turns and 5 times (3 turns instead'ot using two coils with 6 and turns for this purpose. Said interconnected coils are suitably coupled through the coils 27, 28 and 29 to the aerials 30 and 32 or 31 and the ground or other suitable conductors 33. Said aerial 30 and 32 may be of any convenient type as desired but a directive aerial 30 will also be used for employing the directive etl'ect of receiving signals better by one aerial 30 for instance, pointing to a distant transmitting station as to the aerial of Figure 2 for instance, may separately be employed for this system. How ever, means is also provided to receive signals with any aerial system regardless of the direction of a transmitting station or by the use of nondirective aerials. This consists in making the ratios of turns of the coils of the aerial circuit upon two or more transformers or of coils 22, 24: different from thecoils 23, 25 as for instance, 1 to 5 by employing coil 25 of 3 turns, coil 22 of two turns, coil 23 turns so that during a receipt of signals from the aerials by the coils 22, 23 will apply differing volt turns to the receiving coils 34 and 35 in a manner so that received electrical energy from the aerials 30 and 32 or from the single aerial 31 will produce a (litference of potential of 1 to 5 in the receiving coil 34 and 35 which latter are arranged upon transformers 20 and 21 and at opposite sides of the aerial coils 22, 23 with respect to the primary or transm'ittingcoils 18, 19. A transmitting current from coils 18, 19 however will produce similar values of potentials in the receiving coils 3 t, 35 by having the same ratios of turns between coils 18 and 19 with respect to coils 34:, 35. The latter thence are connected together in a manner so that transmitting currents from both coils 3 1, 35 oppose one another so that no current is received by the receiving 111- struments'. In order to make the secondary current of the assumed high tension aerial 32 equal to the low tension aerial 30, the

of (3 turns andcoil 210i 5' mits a relay control} of gems;

same have to be made of equal ratios of resistanee by adding a resistance 36 of several hundred ohms to aerial32 if desired. It

will be noted thatan aerial having 250 ohms resistance operating at a secondary voltage of 5,000 volts will have relatively the same operating resistance operating as an aerial of ohms resistance at 1000 volts.

It will be noted that a decrementof the oscillations of thehigh resistance aerial 32 can be made low by relatively increasing the inductance and pr portionally decreasing the capacity thereof to the desired values;

Since the present invention should be adapted for relay operation between two other stations for repetition of signals it requirestwo receiving circuits for operating the transmitting apparatus from each other station. For this purpose the aerials and 32 have been provided with other coils 37 or 38which are arranged at the opposite ends of a receiving coil '39 coupled in suitably loose relation thereto in a manner whereby transmitting currents surging through coils 37 and effects in the receiving coil 39 and consequently there will be no resultant effect upon the receiving instruments, The aerial coils 37 and 38 in case the aeria'ls operate at different potentials for instance, aerial 32 operates at a 5 times higher potential than aerial 30 then the aerial coil 38 will have 5 times greater number of turns than the aerial coil 37. But, inversely, a received electrical energy from aerial 30 surging through coil 37 will produce a 5 times higher potential in the receiving coil 39 by coil 37 as with respect to the aerial 32 and coil 38 exclusive of the resistance 36 which will decrease the low potential current from aerial 32 still further permitting the aerial coil 37 to oper ate the receiving apparatus even if the received currents from both aerials 30 and 32 are opposed to one another in the receiving coil 39. The receiving circuits and appa ratus connected with receiving coil 39 may be similar to thosedescribed in connection with coils 34, 35. In this instance the receiving instruments in the circuitswith coil 39include an electromagnet 41 which short circuiting a choke coil 42 inseries with the terminals of the source of current perthe transmitter. Other means for controlling the transmitting current comprises a microphone transmitter 44, a key 45 and another electromagnetically said choke coil 42, or another choke coil 43. A coil 11 serves for producing a magnetic field between the electrodes 12,16 and 17 for modifying the flame space resistance and thus increases the ampere capacity of the same.

The receiving circuits connected with reeeiving coils 34 and 35 comprise three elec- 38 will produce opposing electrical operated key 46 for short circuiting tron tubes and flame amplifier oft-he type as describedinconnection with the transmit.- v

ting circuits. The electron tubes are arranged in cascade circuits for successively amplifying received electrical energy to a higher power. Several novel means are employed in connection with the receiving circuits. A source of current 50 which may be a lighting supply of 110 volts serves in combination for heating each tube filament and for supplying amplifying current of variable values to each successive electron tube if desired. For this purpose the terminals p and m of the source of current 50 are shown comprising suitable choke coil resistances connected therebetwecn. taken from'them terminal side of the resistances serve for the heating of the filaments while taps taken of the resistances toward cuits include one terminal connected to the resistance 56-including the filament f of tube 51; the other terminal of the coils is con Suitable taps nected to the tube electrode or grid g. All

electrode h popularly known as plate of tube 51 is connected in multiple through a vari-' able choke coil 58 to theresistances andby a condenser59 to grid electrode 9 of tube 52. The filament f of tube52 is connected to a resistance 60 while the plate electrode h of tube 52 isconnected through the primary coil 61 to the resistances at 62. A secondary coil 63 is connected between j the filament tube 53 and the electrode 9 of tube 53. The electrode it of tube 53 is connected through a primary coil 65 to the resistancesor choke coil at 66. A secondary coil 67 is connected between the terminal mot the source of ourf ofrent 50 and through a condenser 68 to the intermediate electrode (0 of the flame amplifier 54 and further to the'electrode 71. The latter is the innermost electrode of the amplifier 54 with respect to the direction of the flame from the burner 73; The outermost electrode 72 of said amplifier 54 is connected through a telephone receiver 7 5 near to the terminal of the source of current and through a switch 74 it may operate the transmitting apparatus by means of the electromagnetic key 46 for relayoperation.

ice

It will be noted that by employing duplicate primary coils such as 18 and 19 for operation at a different frequency than the coils 18, 19, thence the electromagnet 46 may be employed for controlling thetra'nsmission of current at a different frequency than that employed by the described set. In this connection one of the aerials may be' operated at another frequency without impairing the c-iiiciency of the other aerial.

Sincethe transmitting stations generally operate at one and the same frequency and since everyone skilled in the art knows how to tune the coils 18 and 19 for instance, there seems to be no need to explain that a change of turns of the coils would result in a change of the resonant frequency in their circuits.

By omitting aerials 30 and 31 and by omitting all aerial coils except coils 22, 23 and connecting the latter to aerial 31 one may receive a simplified arrangement for simultaneously transmitting and receiving as shown in Figure 2.

Each of the coils of one local circuit 18 and 19 for instance, have the same relative number of turns with respect to the coils 34 and 35 of another 10- cal circuit so as to produce a current of equal but opposed value in the circuit of said coils 3a and 35. The coils 22 and '23 connected with aerial 31 have dillerent number of turns with respect to one another and the coils 18, 34, and. 19, 35 so that a received current from aerial 31 produces a difference of currents and potentials in the coils 34- and 35 for instance and thus permits reception of signals by one of said local circuits independentlyof the transmission currents from another of said local circuits and without any use of directive aerials. At the other hand,if a directive aerial is tobe employed which'may be of the inverted L-type, or of a part ofa coil shape or a coil of several turns, then a directive effect of receiving signals is obtained in the well known manner by arranging the aerials in the plane with a distant transmitting station. In this case, the aerial 30 consists of horizontally extending wires pointing toward a distant station, which may be for example that of Figure 2, if desired. Said coils 34 {Int 35 of Figure 2 however do not serve exclusively for the reccption of signals as by a novel combination of elements, another simultaneous sending and receiving system operates on coils 34 and 3t. The latter circuit comprises a battery 86 having one terminal connected to an intermediate point of coil 35 and through the ends of the latter and through coil parts of coil 3a to an electrode h of an electron tube 88 at one terminal and by a condenser 89 to electrode 9 of tube 88. The other end of said battery 86 is connected through av secondary coil of many turns 90, thence in multiple through a primary coil 91 of few turns to a microphone transmitter 92, then through the latter to and through a magnet coil 93 and switch 94 to the filament f of said tube 88, further from coil through a teleas shown in figure 2.

phone or other receiving instrument 95 to switch 94 and the filament of tube 88. The filament is lighted by a battery 96 or otherwise if desired. The magnet coil 93 is arranged around tube 88 and serves to produce a magnetic field within the tube and at a right angle with respect to the discharge of the electrodes. It will be noted that said magnetic field produced by coil 93 will vary with the current from microphone 92, while said produced magnetic field permits a larger current value to be employed for p transmission of signals without, sparking 32 except aerial between the electrodes. Another electrode j is short circuited with filament f and arranged between the latter and the other electrodes g and h. The arrangement of the coils 90and 91 is such that the excitation of the microphone 92 will produce a current of higher tension in series with the battery 86 and the tube' 88. It will be noted that the last described circuit of Figure 2 may be operated simultaneously with the other signaling systems shown in Figure 1 and that the aerials and coils shown in either figure may be interchanged or omitted if desired.

Having now fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desireto secure by Letters Patent is 1. In a signaling system the combination, ofa plurality of transformers, including a plurality of coils, a plurality of radiation circuits including coils upon certain of said transformers, of transmitting circuits hav' ing coils on certain of said transformers, the ratios of turns between said transmitting circuits and each of said radiation circuits being different from the other, means for adding resistance to certain of said radiation circuits adapted for making the re sistance of said radiation circuits proportional to the ratios of turns of said coil sets between the transmittingcircuits and said radiation circuits, all for the purpose set forth.

2. A signalingsystem for transmitting and receiving signals simultaneously including two transformers, the latter including a plurality of coils, of two aerial circuits, each of the latter including a coil upon another one of said transformers of different numbers of turns and ratio, of local transmitting and receiving circuits, the latter including coils of a number of turns forming equal ratios between said local circuits upon said two transformers but connected together in a manner so that their turns produce opposed and no resultant magnetic fields upon one another forpreventing an energization of the coils of a local receiving circuit from the coils of a local transmitting circuit, one of said acrials being arranged for obtaining a maximum directive effect from another station, said last mentioned aerial being connected with the coils of a less number of turns than the other ceiving signals the combination, of a source of current, means for changing a current from said source of current to a current of high frequency including a burner, a flame producing means and a plurality of electrodes, means for insulating the electrodes from one another, means for arranging said electrodes one above the other in a manner so that the flame from said burner Will surge successively from one of said electrodes to the other of said electrodes, a transmitting and a receiving circuit and apparatus and means whereby said receiving circuit will modify a flow of current through said flame operated current modifying means.

4. A signaling system including two transformers, the latter including a plurality of coils, of tWo aerial circuits, each of the latter including a coil upon another one of said transformers of a dilierent number of turns and ratio, of two local signah circuits, the latter including coils upon both of said transformers of a number of turns forming equal ratios of coil turns between said local circuits but connected together in a manner so that the coil turns between said local circuits produce opposed and no resultant magnetic fields upon one another for preventing an energization of the coils of one of said local circuits from the energized coils of the other of said local signaling circuits.

In testimony whereof, I have signed m name to this specification this 4th day of March, 1921.

AUGUST J. KLONECK. 

